近年來(lai)，國內外(wai)(wai)一(yi)些賓館飯店、商(shang)場超市因(yin)長期未(wei)進行(xing)油煙(yan)(yan)(yan)管道清(qing)洗，使(shi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)道油垢堆積過多而(er)引發(fa)的火(huo)災事故(gu)時(shi)有(you)發(fa)生，有(you)的還(huan)造(zao)成了巨大的人員傷亡和財產損失。震驚(jing)中外(wai)(wai)的巴(ba)拉圭超市特大火(huo)災就(jiu)是因(yin)為餐飲區烤肉爐(lu)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)囪轉彎(wan)處被煙(yan)(yan)(yan)塵和臟物堵塞，使(shi)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)囪內溫度過熱，導(dao)致天花板(ban)與屋頂之間的粉塵爆炸引起的。本文(wen)將(jiang)就(jiu)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)道火(huo)災原因(yin)作一(yi)簡(jian)要(yao)分(fen)析，并尋求預防對策(ce)。

煙道火災原因分析：

從材(cai)質來看，賓館飯店(dian)和大型商場超(chao)市酒店(dian)廚房內的(de)煙(yan)囪(cong)和抽油煙(yan)管(guan)道通常都是(shi)用(yong)鐵皮或(huo)有(you)機玻璃制造的(de)，這些材(cai)質本身(shen)是(shi)不燃(ran)(ran)的(de)，沒有(you)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)危(wei)(wei)險性，但有(you)的(de)賓館飯店(dian)為了(le)降(jiang)溫隔(ge)熱，在這些不燃(ran)(ran)材(cai)料的(de)管(guan)道外包了(le)一層可燃(ran)(ran)材(cai)料，這反而帶來了(le)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)危(wei)(wei)險。還(huan)有(you)的(de)小飯館為節約成本，用(yong)復合(he)木板(ban)制成煙(yan)囪(cong)和抽油煙(yan)管(guan)道，這些材(cai)料本身(shen)就是(shi)可燃(ran)(ran)物，一旦火(huo)(huo)苗(miao)上(shang)竄(cuan)，或(huo)油鍋著火(huo)(huo)就有(you)可能被直(zhi)接引(yin)燃(ran)(ran)，火(huo)(huo)災(zai)危(wei)(wei)險性更大。

油(you)(you)垢(gou)(gou)是造(zao)成(cheng)煙(yan)(yan)道(dao)(dao)火(huo)災的(de)(de)主要因素。由于油(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)所(suo)帶的(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)塵有粘(zhan)性，可以附著(zhu)在(zai)煙(yan)(yan)囪(cong)(cong)和(he)(he)抽(chou)油(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)內壁上(shang)形成(cheng)油(you)(you)垢(gou)(gou)，尤其(qi)是管(guan)道(dao)(dao)有彎道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)地方更易附著(zhu)和(he)(he)堆積，如果長時間未對其(qi)進行清洗，油(you)(you)垢(gou)(gou)就會越(yue)積越(yue)厚，堵塞管(guan)道(dao)(dao)。油(you)(you)垢(gou)(gou)本身是可燃(ran)的(de)(de)，遇明(ming)火(huo)或(huo)溫度過高(gao)會燃(ran)燒(shao)，并沿(yan)著(zhu)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)內壁蔓(man)延，導致火(huo)勢(shi)擴大；油(you)(you)垢(gou)(gou)堵塞通道(dao)(dao)后，會使油(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)排放不及時，造(zao)成(cheng)煙(yan)(yan)囪(cong)(cong)和(he)(he)抽(chou)油(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)內溫度過高(gao)，引起(qi)油(you)(you)垢(gou)(gou)自燃(ran)或(huo)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)可燃(ran)外包裝材料燃(ran)燒(shao)造(zao)成(cheng)火(huo)災。

另外，一些酒店廚房操作人員(yuan)消防(fang)安全意識差(cha)、責任心不(bu)強，在未斷(duan)火(huo)、斷(duan)氣、斷(duan)油(you)或正在燒油(you)炒菜時脫崗，一旦失火(huo)，火(huo)苗很容易通過(guo)煙囪和抽油(you)煙管(guan)道蔓延成災。

一(yi)、消防設備電源監控(kong)系統(tong)設置(zhi)場所

根據國家標準《消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)制室(shi)通用技術要(yao)求》(GB25506-2010)確定(ding)了消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備(bei)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的具(ju)體(ti)設(she)(she)置場所。消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備(bei)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)宜安裝在各種消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備(bei)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，如“消(xiao)火栓(消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)炮）系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、自動噴(pen)水(shui)滅火系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、水(shui)噴(pen)霧(細水(shui)霧)滅火系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、雨淋噴(pen)水(shui)滅火系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(泵供(gong)水(shui)方式)、泡沫滅火系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、干粉滅火系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、氣體(ti)滅火系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)煙排煙系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火門和(he)卷簾系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)梯、消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應急照明(ming)和(he)疏散(san)指示系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備(bei)應急電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(EPS)、消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備(bei)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)等。

二、消防設備電源傳感器的設置部位

消(xiao)防(fang)設備電源(yuan)(yuan)傳感器(qi)是對消(xiao)防(fang)設備的供(gong)電電源(yuan)(yuan)進行監測，應保(bao)證整個消(xiao)防(fang)系統的供(gong)電電源(yuan)(yuan)工作狀態均(jun)能(neng)在消(xiao)防(fang)設備電源(yuan)(yuan)監控(kong)器(qi)上或(huo)消(xiao)防(fang)控(kong)制(zhi)室內實(shi)時顯示。

宜設置在下述部位：

建(jian)筑內為消防(fang)設(she)備(bei)供電(dian)的(de)主電(dian)源(yuan)和消防(fang)電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)配電(dian)柜(ju)輸出端；

消(xiao)防電氣(qi)控制裝置(zhi)(包括水泵控制器(qi)、風機控制器(qi)等）的雙(shuang)路電源輸入(ru)端與輸出端；

設(she)置在(zai)各防火分區內的(de)(de)消防設(she)備電(dian)源(yuan)裝(zhuang)置(給各消防設(she)備供電(dian)的(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)源(yuan))的(de)(de)輸(shu)出端；

為消(xiao)(xiao)防設備(bei)供(gong)電(dian)配(pei)電(dian)箱(xiang)的輸出端(duan)(duan)；消(xiao)(xiao)防設備(bei)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)電(dian)源(yuan)的輸入端(duan)(duan)與輸出端(duan)(duan)；應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明配(pei)電(dian)箱(xiang)的輸出端(duan)(duan)；集中電(dian)源(yuan)型(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)防應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈具專用(yong)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)(ji)電(dian)源(yuan)的輸入端(duan)(duan)與輸出端(duan)(duan)；